Tamoxifen

Finasteride is a selective type II 5-alpha reductase inhibitor approved for male pattern hair loss (1 mg, Propecia) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (5 mg, Proscar). It reduces scalp DHT levels by approximately 60-70% and is one of only two FDA-approved oral medications for androgenetic alopecia. It has decades of clinical data supporting its efficacy.

Clomiphene citrate is a SERM originally developed for female ovulation induction and widely adopted in PCT protocols and off-label male hypogonadism treatment. It is a racemic mixture of two geometric isomers, enclomiphene (trans) and zuclomiphene (cis), with differing estrogenic properties.

Anastrozole is a potent, selective non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor that reduces estradiol levels by approximately 80-85%. It is widely used in breast cancer treatment and is the most commonly employed AI during anabolic steroid cycles to manage estrogen-related side effects.

Minoxidil is a vasodilator originally developed for hypertension that was discovered to promote hair growth as a side effect. It is available as a topical solution (2% and 5%) and foam (5%) over-the-counter, and more recently in oral low-dose form. It is one of only two FDA-approved treatments for androgenetic alopecia and works independently of the androgen pathway.