Disclaimer
CompoundIQ publishes research summaries for informational and educational purposes only. Nothing on this site constitutes medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Always consult a licensed healthcare provider. Many compounds listed are research chemicals not approved for human use.
Metformin
Also known as: Glucophage, Fortamet
Metformin is a biguanide drug used as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. Observational studies suggest diabetics on metformin have lower all-cause mortality than non-diabetic controls, sparking interest in its anti-aging potential. The TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin) trial is the first FDA-approved trial to target aging as an indication.
Risk Level
Low RiskDifficulty
Beginner| CAS Number | 657-24-9 |
| Molecular Formula | C4H11N5 |
| Class | Other |
| Category | Longevity Compounds |
Mechanism of Action
Metformin activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) by mildly inhibiting mitochondrial complex I, increasing the AMP:ATP ratio. AMPK activation improves insulin sensitivity, reduces hepatic glucose production, enhances autophagy, and reduces inflammation. It also inhibits mTOR signaling, reduces IGF-1 levels, and may reduce cellular senescence. Multiple anti-aging pathways converge on AMPK activation.
Dosing Research
Longevity dose: 500-1500 mg/day, typically starting at 500 mg with dinner. Standard diabetic dose: 500-2550 mg/day in divided doses. Extended-release formulations (Glucophage XR) are better tolerated. Take with food to reduce GI side effects. May blunt exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptations, so some avoid it on training days.
Side Effects & Risks
GI side effects (nausea, diarrhea, bloating) are most common, especially initially. Metallic taste. Vitamin B12 deficiency with long-term use (supplement recommended). Lactic acidosis is extremely rare but serious. Contraindicated with severe kidney or liver disease. May blunt hypertrophy gains from resistance training.
Research Studies
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Disclaimer
CompoundIQ publishes research summaries for informational and educational purposes only. Nothing on this site constitutes medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Always consult a licensed healthcare provider. Many compounds listed are research chemicals not approved for human use.